A structural survey of form – ing (v4). By Alok Pandey

A structural survey of form – ing (v4). While writing or reading verb form 4 (ing) comes in different roles, so it is significant to understand. We will understand all v4 different roles today. Role-1: As a finite, if verb form-4 is followed by helping verb “be” (if helping verb “be” comes before verb form-4). The role of the -ing form is as a main verb. Like: I am going. John is playing cricket. They were watching TV We were sleeping. I was waiting for you. So in the above sentences, going, playing, watching, sleeping, and waiting are verb. Role-2: As a gerund (non-finite), when a verb form-4 is used as a subject or an object. It is called a gerund. Like: Walking is good for your health. She likes dancing. Smoking is injurious to health Writing is an exchange of ideas. I love reading. In the above sentences, walking, dancing, smoking, writing, and reading are gerund. Role-3: As an adjective also called present participle (non-finite), when verb form-4 is used as an adjective in a sentence. It is called a present participle. Like: I saw a playing boy. I read a piece of interesting news. The barking dog was calm today. It was a very tiring day at the workplace. In the above sentences, playing, interesting, barking, and tiring are adjectives. Since these verbs are saying something about the noun.