On the Divine Logos: Clement of Alexandria

Clement of Alexandria was a well-educated Christian scholar who lived in the second half of the second century. He not only knew the Holy Scriptures and almost all existing Christian literature, but he also had detailed knowledge of Greek philosophical and classical literature. He taught that revelation should be presented in the context of all true knowledge, and therefore in light of pre-Christian philosophy also. He gathered the elements of truth present in philosophy and showed that it had reached its fullness in Christianity, which was its new form. Only three writings from Clement of Alexandria’s rich output have survived in their entirety, and these are mutually related and illustrate the stages of Christian maturity. They are, in chronological order: Protrepticus (Exhortation to the Heathen), Paedagogus (The Instructor), and Stromata (Miscellanies). The author, who was a moralist rather than a systematic theologian, remained under the influence of Middle Platonism. He also drew on the works of distinguished predecessors, such as Justin the Philosopher and Tatian. Clement of Alexandria understood theology as Christian gnosis. In his writings, which constitute a philosophical-theological trilogy, he presented the Logos as operating in three ways. In contrast to the Gnostics, Clement argued that there can be a proper and harmonious relationship between faith and knowledge. Faith is always the basis and starting point for his considerations, but philosophy can help us reach Christian truth. He thus established a dialogue between Christianity and philosophy and in so doing went beyond other Christian apologists. In his writings, Clement was not able to precisely define the relationship between God, the Logos-Son and the Holy Spirit. For this reason, he described the Logos mainly in relation to God and people, and also in terms of the economy of salvation. In his view, Jesus Christ was the special activation of God the Father in action-the divine Logos who became Man in order to lead people to union with the Cr